What Is Lymphoma?

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system ( the part of the body that helps fight infections). It develops when white blood cells called lymphocytes grow abnormally and multiply out of control.

Lymph nodes are found in areas such as the neck, armpits, and groin. Lymphoma usually starts in these nodes but can spread to other organs.

Types of Lymphoma

There are two main types:

1. Hodgkin Lymphoma

• Less common

• Often very treatable, especially when detected early

2. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

• More common

• Includes several subtypes

• Can grow slowly or quickly depending on the type

Common Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• Painless swelling of lymph nodes

• Persistent fatigue

• Fever without infection

• Night sweats

• Unexplained weight loss

• Itchy skin

If swollen lymph nodes last more than a few weeks without signs of infection, medical evaluation is recommended.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of lymphoma is unknown. However, risk may increase with:

• Weak immune system

• Certain viral infections

• Family history

• Exposure to some chemicals

How Is Lymphoma Diagnosed?

Doctors may perform:

• Physical examination

• Blood tests

• Imaging tests (CT or PET scan)

• Lymph node biopsy (to confirm diagnosis)

A biopsy is the only way to confirm lymphoma.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type and stage of lymphoma. Options may include:

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation therapy

• Immunotherapy

• Targeted therapy

Many people with lymphoma respond well to treatment, especially when diagnosed early.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you notice:

• Swollen lymph nodes that do not go away

• Persistent unexplained fever

• Ongoing night sweats

• Significant weight loss

Early evaluation can make a significant difference.

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